HTTP 方法：
- GET - 获取资源
- POST - 创建资源
- PUT - 更新资源
- DELETE - 删除资源

状态码：
- 200 - 成功
- 201 - 创建成功
- 400 - 请求错误
- 401 - 未授权
- 404 - 资源不存在
- 500 - 服务器错误

特点：
- 按需查询
- 强类型
- 单一端点
- 实时订阅

import requests

def call_api(endpoint, method='GET', data=None, headers=None):
    response = requests.request(
        method=method,
        url=endpoint,
        json=data,
        headers=headers
    )
    response.raise_for_status()
    return response.json()

# OAuth2 认证
def get_oauth_token(client_id, client_secret):
    response = requests.post(
        'https://api.example.com/oauth/token',
        data={
            'grant_type': 'client_credentials',
            'client_id': client_id,
            'client_secret': client_secret
        }
    )
    return response.json()['access_token']

def safe_api_call(endpoint):
    try:
        return call_api(endpoint)
    except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
        if e.response.status_code == 404:
            return {'error': 'Resource not found'}
        elif e.response.status_code == 401:
            return {'error': 'Unauthorized'}
        else:
            return {'error': str(e)}